The selected material is spent mushroom substrate bags after harvesting. Used sawdust from these spent substrate bags—after cultivating oyster mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, lingzhi mushrooms, etc.—is repurposed, contributing to material reuse and offering better economic efficiency. Mushroom growing media have several beneficial properties: moisture retention, even water absorption, neutral pH, lightweight, low cost, and environmental safety.

The method of processing spent mushroom substrate is cost-effective, increases income for farmers, and significantly reduces the amount of post-cultivation waste, thereby contributing to environmental sanitation and improving the livelihoods of mushroom growers.

A survey on the freshness of gerbera daisies using this flower base showed that the flowers can remain fresh for over 48 hours when adequately watered.

The research team has developed a biodegradable flower foam base made from spent mushroom substrate. The team also assessed the potential of this biodegradable base to replace conventional plastic floral foam. Results show that the biodegradable base can successfully replace synthetic foam in floral arrangements, with advantages including environmental safety, biodegradability, and low production costs.